SPEAKING ABOUT SCIENCE
Presenting in public is an important career skill for anyone in the sciences, and this practical manual is essential reading for researchers and clinicians who are preparing talks for meetings and academic conferences. The book features step-by-step instruction for creating clear and compelling presentations – from structuring a talk and developing effective PowerPoint slides through delivery before an audience. Color examples of slides and posters from actual presentations are included. The authors also provide tips on answering questions and strategies for handling media inquiries and job interviews.
Scott Morgan and Barrett Whitener are professional public speakers and write from their extensive experience designing courses and teaching presentation skills to scientists and medical researchers at the National Institutes of Health and in the private sector. The seven-step process they have developed will help readers become better speakers and ensure success behind the podium.
For more information, visit www.premierepublicspeaking.com.
SPEAKING ABOUT SCIENCE
A MANUAL FOR CREATING CLEAR PRESENTATIONS
Scott Morgan
Premiere Public Speaking, Washington, D.C.
Barrett Whitener
Premiere Public Speaking, Washington, D.C.
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473, USA
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521866811
© Scott Morgan and Barrett Whitener 2006
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2006
Printed in Hong Kong by Golden Cup
A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Morgan, Scott, 1961–
Speaking about science : a manual for creating clear presentations / Scott Morgan,
Barrett Whitener.
p.; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-521-86681-1 (hardback)
ISBN-10: 0-521-86681-2 (hardback)
ISBN-13: 978-0-521-68345-6 (pbk.)
ISBN-10: 0-521-68345-9 (pbk.)
1. Communication in science. 2. Science – Vocational guidance.
3. Science – Congresses. 4. Public speaking. [DNLM: 1. Health Occupations.
2. Speech. 3. Science. W 21 M849s 2006] I. Whitener, Barrett, 1960– II. Title.
Q223.M67 2006
501′.4 – dc22 2006007797
ISBN-13 978-0-521-86681-1 hardback
ISBN-10 0-521-86681-2 hardback
ISBN-13 978-0-521-68345-6 paperback
ISBN-10 0-521-68345-9 paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for
the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or
third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication
and does not guarantee that any content on such
Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
CONTENTS
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | page viii | ||
| INTRODUCTION | ix | ||
| 1 | THE BASIC PROBLEM WITH ORAL PRESENTATIONS, AND ITS SOLUTION | 1 | |
| Writing vs. Speaking | 2 | ||
| Presentation Structure: The Hour Glass Format | 4 | ||
| 2 | THE FIRST STEPS OF PREPARATION | 9 | |
| Finding the Take Home Message | 10 | ||
| Identifying the Main Question | 13 | ||
| 3 | SELECTING HELPFUL IMAGES | 17 | |
| The Money Slide | 18 | ||
| Supporting Slides | 20 | ||
| Good Slide, Bad Slide | 21 | ||
| 4 | BEGINNING AND ENDING THE PRESENTATION | 35 | |
| Common Ground | 36 | ||
| The Place to Start | 37 | ||
| The Complete Introduction | 40 | ||
| Danger: Introductory Slides Ahead | 43 | ||
| Wrapping It Up | 46 | ||
| 5 | TITLING THE TALK | 49 | |
| AT A GLANCE: THE SEVEN SIGNPOSTS | 55 | ||
| 6 | DELIVERY | 57 | |
| Stage Fright | 57 | ||
| Teaching vs. Lecturing | 60 | ||
| Three Steps for Presenting Data | 61 | ||
| The Mechanics of Being Heard | 65 | ||
| Accents and Mannerisms | 69 | ||
| What to Rehearse | 72 | ||
| 7 | FIELDING QUESTIONS | 75 | |
| Laying the Groundwork for Q & A | 76 | ||
| Q & A Basics | 77 | ||
| Worst-Case Scenarios | 79 | ||
| AT A GLANCE: 15 KEYS FOR SUCCESS BEHIND THE PODIUM | 81 | ||
| 8 | THE JOB INTERVIEW | 83 | |
| What They Will Ask | 84 | ||
| Radio Science | 89 | ||
| The Job Talk | 90 | ||
| 9 | THE MEDIA INTERVIEW | 93 | |
| The Basics | 94 | ||
| Getting Ready | 97 | ||
| Television Interviews | 99 | ||
| Follow-Up | 102 | ||
| 10 | MAKING CLEAR POSTERS | 105 | |
| Organizing a Poster | 106 | ||
| Conducting the Session | 109 | ||
| IN CLOSING | 111 | ||
| APPENDIX 1: FULL INTRODUCTIONS | 113 | ||
| APPENDIX 2: POSTERS | 119 | ||
| INDEX | 123 | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thanks to Jim Alexander, Debbie Cohen, Shirley Forehand, Michael Fortis, Brenda Hanning, Matt Holder, Marc Horowitz, Alfred Johnson, Peter Levonian, Mary McCormick, Joan Schwartz, Gloria Seelman and Pat Sokolov.
Special thanks to Eunice Kilpatrick and Daisy Pascualvaca.
The authors would like to acknowledge those who provided the illustrations used in the book:
Golo Ahlensteil
Jennifer Cockrill
Margot Giannetti
Nalin Goonesekere
Christina Han
Larissa Lapteva
Chunyan Liu
Ariel Michelman-Ribiera
Daisy Pascualvaca
Shi Shu
Cynthia Weickert
INTRODUCTION
Thus, it is the communications process which is at the core of the vitality and integrity of science.
– Philip Hauge Abelson
In an age when so much communication is tethered to technology, delivering messages face-to-face has paradoxically become even more vital to professional success. We all have ready access to more information than any of our ancestors did. At the click of a few keys, we can locate reams of facts on any topic under the sun. But although the amount of data available to us has grown, the number of hours in a day has not. Amidst this flood of information, technology can make getting to the pertinent bits of data much more challenging. And that is where a good public speaker becomes a priceless commodity. Listening to a clear and concise speaker is still the most time-efficient way to comprehend new information.
Yet even with its known benefits, most of us view addressing a group of people as a dreaded burden. That may be even more the case for scientists. In addition to the concerns that all speakers have, they must present specialized and complex data.
Some of the dread is also due to the fact that the craft of public speaking is not taught properly. For most of us, it was never taught at all. We all have had to learn by painful trial and error. The purpose of this book is to offer a methodical and efficient procedure that can be used to prepare and deliver any talk, to any audience.
Our method builds cumulatively, so we suggest reading the book in sequence the first time, without jumping between topics. We have tried to enhance readability, yet avoid gender bias, by using masculine pronouns for the odd-numbered chapters and feminine pronouns for the even-numbered chapters. Because our primary focus is on scientific talks, most of our examples come from basic research. But the concepts are easily adapted for clinicians, administrators or review talks.
Lastly, these ideas have hardly developed in isolation. We would like to thank the hundreds of clients who have helped us discover the techniques that make a presentation successful. In fact, we think of them as our teachers, and it is an ongoing honor to learn from them.
Scott Morgan
Barrett Whitener

